WILLIAM Galston, a professor at the University of Maryland  and a former advisor to President Clinton, has for many years staunchly defended liberal democracy against it critics. Since most Americans, whether Republican or Democrat, are “small-l” liberals in Galston’s sense—believing in a limited state that allows individuals and groups to pursue their own ideas of a good life—against whom is he arguing in his latest book, Liberal Pluralism: The Implications of Value Pluralism for Political Theory and Practice?